IBM casestudy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

IBM casestudy - Case Study Example The success of Dell over IBM can easily be attributed to the fact that Dell attempted to exploit a market niche which was hardly considered as future market prospect by the IBM. As mentioned in the case study that the mangers at IBM often considered new opportunities for innovation as a distraction from their core business activities thus limiting themselves to only those opportunities which corroborated their existing strengths. Inability of the senior management to reward and look for new and strategic opportunities and rather reward short term results. Though, short term results play a critical role in keeping the organization is momentum however, it is really critical that the organization and its management must develop the skills and aptitude to reward the long term strategic building of the business. Large organizations such as IBM therefore lack the ability to focus on thinking beyond what they are good at and focus more on achieving the near term results. Large organizations are also often pre-occupied with their existing markets and demand patterns observed in existing markets may serve as a satisfying factor for them. A higher and consistent demand from existing markets therefore is one of the reasons why large organizations fail to create new businesses because short terms strategic business targets are often achieved from existing markets rather. This however, also indicates that the large organizations often become complacent and stop looking for new opportunities. It is also important to note that the strategic financial objectives of the firm may be different as compared to growing organizations. Since large organizations often pass through their maturity stage therefore they focus on achieving sustainable profit targets rather than taking actions to drive higher P/E values. Since cash flow patterns are more predictable for mature organizations therefore the need to drive higher value by creating new opportunities. Ability

Devils Highway Discussion Essay Example for Free

Devils Highway Discussion Essay Borders of income separate the walkers and the men who set them up for this journey. The walkers were made hungry for the money they saw that men like Don Moi had, but it really was an unattainable goal. Also, the income gaps between the native Mexicans and American people was different. The Mexican people were much more poor which may cause the American people to look down at them. Another border is skin color. The white Americans often have better lives than the darker skinned Mexicans, which often contributes to the income border. Like the above answer, income borders are very restrictive. Another restrictive border is skin color, perhaps lineage, and where and how we live. The only way to bridge these borders would be to not judge and love people for the way they are. These borders are not need and we would probably be happier without them. I think the villain of the story is not Mendez, but rather Don Moi, as he is the one who set it all up. He did not provide the walkers with the supplies and the trustworthy guides that they needed. I don’t think Mendez should be defended for his actions, though, because he still chose to abandon innocent men and leave them to die. Border Patrol doesn’t want to get too sucked up in it or go too far in the desert because they too have families. The smugglers have the same strugglers that the walkers do, besides the fact that they actually know where they’re going. I don’t think I would illegally cross into America for food, I would probably just steal in Mexico, but then again, I don’t quite know what it is like to be starving in your own country. I feel that as a reader, the spirits are nothing but symbolical references, but to the men, they may actually see these spirits. The heat probably does something to their heads, or maybe they are so lost up in their prayers that they begin to see these figures. Maybe, as a walker, you can’t actually see the spirits, but you can feel them. â€Å"Aliens before they ever crossed the line† probably refers to the fact that most Mexicans are judged by Americans and thought to be insects or parasites that steal American jobs. They are unwelcome and badly thought of before they even cross the physical border. It’s the same situation, but in reverse. In the 1700 and 1800’s, Irish people were very unwelcome in the United States, as they were thought to steal jobs. However, once the Civil War rolled around, the United States wanted multitudes of Irish people to come over so they could fight in the war for the Americans who didn’t want to and could pay to get out of it. I think the author approached the issuefavoring the immigrants. He doesn’t examine how to undocumented entrants affect Border Patrol, the economy, or American families. I would make it easier to gain entry, but I would want everyone to go through little booths so the entrants could at least be documented. I think the solution would work because the immigrants would not be quite as scared to deal with the government because no one could be denied entry (unless they were a criminal). This may not work because criminals could sneak past the booths. The main problem that is explored in this book is the morality of Mexican people sneaking illegally into America to feed their starving families. This is also the main principle. Is it okay for Mexicans to sneak into America if they are just earning money to feed their families? I think illegal immigration is not necessarily â€Å"bad†, but it is still illegal. The evidence provided from the book says that these men are just immigrating to feed their families and try to get a better life. I agree with the evidence, but there is also the fact that this is not the reason that everyone comes to America. There is a reason it is illegal. I don’t think that Urrea specifically points to a bad guy, but it is somewhat implied that the bad guy is Don Moi for setting the men up for this. Another bad guy could also be Mendez because abandons the men in the desert. I think that if they guides had not left the men, perhaps more of them would have survived. It would also help to have more patrol men patrolling and searching for entrants. If the Mexican government was not such a wreck I doubt there would be so many immigrants. There is not enough food or well paying jobs in Mexico for everyone there, especially the poor people. The role of unemployment, underemployment, low working wages are the true forces driving the conflict. Too many are not educated because they don’t have enough money for education, which then means they can’t get a good job to support their family. If a job is attained, it is usually for a very small wage. It is a big circle of poverty. Urrea goes into great detail to describe each member so you feel closer to them and you are able to better understand their decisions. All of the men that chose to go wanted a better life, whether it is for themselves or for a loved one. These men all acted selflessly. If I were in their situation I would try harder to look for a job in Mexico, but if I could not find one, I suppose that I would do what they did. It costs the United States and Mexican government a lot of money to deal with these illegal entrants. However, neither one of them really do anything to try to stop it. I think that this was an isolated incident, but there could be more to come in the future. If I were the leader of Mexico, I would vow to fix the state of the country and make it so that people don’t have to immigrate to other countries to find work. If I were the president, I would want to tighten down on Border Patrol so this doesn’t happen again. I like the tone the author uses. I think it fits the message that the author is trying to relay to the audience about the story. The style was alright, it was a little hard to read. There were too many details packed into single sentences. The style made the book hard to read. In my personal opinion, there were too many facts, but I can see why they were necessary. I think the simple fact that these men migrated to make theirs and their family’s lives better is what impacted me the most. It really changed my view on illegal immigration. I now don’t feel quite as harshly about it; I think the immigration laws should be revised.

Slavery :: Slavery Essays

True or false: â€Å"Slavery was the immediate fomenting cause of the Civil War.† The answer is false. Slavery was a cause of the Civil War, but not the cause. Slavery was just one of the issues that added to the unjust state rights that led to the secession of the Southern states and ultimately the American Civil War. The three major events that made the southern states feel that they were getting the short end of the bargains were: the Compromise of 1850, the Missouri Compromise and the Kansas-Nebraska Act. These three documents were examples of the unfairness of the Southern state rights.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before Missouri became a state it was believed by the southern states that it would be admitted as a slave state. To the South’s surprise and dismay, Republican Representative James Tallmadge of New York proposed an amendment that would prohibit the importation of slaves and ultimately bring about the emancipation of all slaves born in Missouri. The free state-slave state ratio had been equal and admitting Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state would keep it equal. The bill passed the House but failed to pass the Senate. It was rearranged to hold a clause that said instead of prohibiting slavery in Missouri, slavery was forbidden in all of the remaining land from the Louisiana Purchase. Even with this exception to Missouri, the South was enraged at the idea that they lacked the power to decide for themselves if a state was free or open to slavery.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Missouri Compromise gave birth to feelings of resent between the North and the South. Those wounds had salt poured on them so to speak when the Compromise of 1850 was passed. The Compromise goaded the hostility between the North and the South concerning the question of the extension of slavery in all directions. The anti-slavery Republicans favored the proposal made in the Wilmot Proviso to exclude slavery form all the lands acquired from Mexico. While the South assumed that this land was theirs for he taking and strongly opposed this plan.

Common Sense vs Sociological Sense Essay -- Sociology Analysis

A wide range of people all over the world inaccurately come to the conclusion that sociology is merely, ‘the study of the obvious’ and the application of common sense, this statement could not be further from the truth. Common sense derives from statements such as, ‘opposites attract’, however the Sociological sense takes this belief and carries out numerous tests to discover whether it is fact, or fiction. Bauman regards common sense knowledge and common sense understandings as powerful social mechanisms which can fundamentally shape attitudes about the world in which humans live. Sociology is the ‘social science’ that studies human behaviour and characteristics based on their development within society. Common sense however is, what a person has learnt from society due to them being socialised. Michael Jacobson illustrates Bauman’s opinion of common sense, ‘Defamiliarization shatters the impenetrable walls of common sense that prevents us from experiencing and understanding the world anew’. Bauman’s argument depicts that humans have grown with society’s changes and are now dependent upon ‘common sense’ due to the lack of interest in exploring the world they live in at greater depths. This is reiterated further as Jacobson continues to exemplify Bauman’s argument, ‘he always points to the yet undiscovered human p otential and the – in principle- unlimited possibilities waiting to be uncovered by humanity beyond the constraining confines of common sense’. Bauman persistently disputes that if the human race was to distance themselves from any beliefs they have heard, or have been raised with, that are originated from common sense they would discover a world of greater potential. I have looked at three articles based on educatio... ...at life from unexpected and unexplored angles, constructing the well known as strange’. This strategy forms the link between the sociological sense and common sense. Common sense expects the individual to believe in society’s concepts and not further their own understanding by deciphering a certain belief as a sociologist. For instance the common sense belief that opposites attract, when scrutinized it seems that people are more likely to seem attractive if they share things in common with another person than if they had very different beliefs. This is the concept of sociology according to Bauman. Works Cited Hurd, G.E & Johnson, T.J (1963) Education and Development. Journal of The Sociological Review. Vol 15, No.1, pp59-7. Jacobsen, M.H and Poder, P. (eds). (2008). The sociology of Zygmunt Bauman: challenges and critique . Ashgate: Ashgate Publishing Ltd

Sari in Art History

The sari is an unstitched strip of cloth which resembles the classic Indian women's fashion, it is usually made of soft cloth such as cotton and silk. The sari is available in many colors, and art work may be present to give the sari a more unique look. However, regardless of the abundance of colors and styles of the sari, a black sari never existed, even during the most unpleasant event, such as funerals, the Indian women wear a simple white sari to resemble sadness, and the red sari is assigned a symbol of happiness. Sari is worn in many different ways, but the most common way is to wrap it around the waist with one end over the shoulder. Indian women usually wear a choli or ravika, which is an Indian blouse, to cover up parts of their body that might be exposed due to wearing the sari the way they do. The way in which a sari is wrapped depends on which region in Indian one is in, or the sari wearer is originally from: The Western, the Eastern, the North-east and the Himalayans, the Eastern Deccan, the South and the Western Deccan (Lynton 532). The sari is typically created and given its different art forms in these aspects: Loom, dyeing, spinning, printing (Lynton 532). In fact, one can say that the art of a sari, in its completed form, that is after it has been spun, dyed and weaved on the loom, is that it tells a very distinct story (thus the different ways of wearing the garment in the different regions—and as stated above, white is used for funerals and red saris are used to resemble and express the happiness of the wearer). The Sari gave the Indian women that attractive fashion style which made women, even foreigners to the Indian culture, wears the sari as a different, unique, and stylish outfit. Although the Sari might look simple, and available to all women in the Indian subcontinent, its price can vary significantly depending on many factors, the fabric used, the amount of art work involved, and embedded jewelry such as pearls, and even Swarovski crystals in the modern saris. The higher end saris will be worn by the upper class women to represent their rank and status, and Indian women are known also to wear fine jewelry to complement their piece of art saris. The sari is a rather erotic garment –for nothing holds the garment in place excepting how the material is wrapped around the wearer’s body. The sari is such a symbol of India that the women have grown to make their identities through the wearing of a sari. The sari is a nostalgic garment that breeds itself as a cultural icon of Indian that at once defines the women as well as their status. A woman wearing a sari is immediately recognized as Indian – thereby cementing the sari as a symbol of nationalism for these women of Indian as well as traditionalists (Menon 11). The sari is at once a traditionalist garment as well as a sexually alluring one. The fabrics that are used in making a sari are typically of silk – thus, the woman wearing the sari is constantly covered in this smooth fabric that is very pleasing to the touch. Some silks are spun so light that it feels as though the wearer is not wearing anything – this of course is appealing to the opposite sex if not for the wearer. The sari itself is beautifully accentuates the woman’s body – her curves and her movements give a hushed rustle as she walks and the way in which the silk is spun allows the light to cascade over the garment giving a glimpse of the figure beneath its folds. It is no wonder that the sari is such a sought after icon of a country and why it is being adapted to other countries. Thus, the garment is twofold in its inclusion in Indian society – it accentuates the female form but perhaps it also stifles a woman’s sense of individuality. There is no doubt that the sari – outside of the Indian tradition has a definite erotic effect, whether intended or not. Despite that the sari covers up most of the woman’s figure it is in the subtler nuisances of the fabric’s design that allow for a re-configuring of that garment’s use outside of the traditionalist’s mode of thinking. Although much of the world is becoming westernized – that is to say that much of the world is becoming more accustomed to wearing American fashion (i. e. Jimmy Choo, punk, etc. that wearing a sari in Indian or outside of the country, many women would be seen as old fashioned or as traditionalists, â€Å"As a symbol of Indian-ness itself, it represents not a compact nationality so much as an aspiration what Khilnani has called the idea of India which people struggle to live up to as worthy inheritors of a great and ancient culture, an India that transcends regions and diversity to reconstitute itself at a highe r plane. As a result and as one fashion commentator perceptively put it, to violate the integrity of the sari is akin to burning the American flag† (Menon 12). However, there may also be another reason that Indian women wear a sari – perhaps there is little else in a traditionalist culture that is available for them to wear or anything that they would be allowed to wear. Perhaps other culture’s fashion (progressive fashion) is seen as unsuitable for an Indian woman to wear – thus, the garment, while being a major source of history is also in a way effective with women’s rights and the lack of them in this part of the mindset of Indian culture (Menon 11). The reverse of this is that certain women in Indian culture use the sari in order to express how in control of themselves they are by the way in which they wear the garment. Working women will wear their garment differently than women who tend to a house and family and do not work outside of the home. Either sentiment may be true but what is most assuredly true is that the sari can be worn with pride or not depending on the wearer, â€Å"This elevated sari has an advanced capacity for good and for bad. Perhaps the single most common comment we heard about the sari is that it makes a woman the most beautiful she could ever become†¦In a society where power itself is generally thought of as having a female aspect, in the for of shakti, the sari simultaneously augments combines and ‘totalises’ the possibilities of aesthetic beauty, female mastery, sexuality and the cult of the maternal† (Banerjee 236). Thus, the sari may in fact give a subtle indication of power by the wearer depending on the ancient traditions on how it is made, the symbols on it, and especially the way in which it is worn. In either case the sari may be considered a work of art in itself for the way in which it must be weaved or loomed, dyed, and the type of material used to place the dyes upon if not the way in which it is also worn. All of these components of the garment add up to a subtly sexy and erotic material that despite covering up its wearer makes her the more sensual for it; for the sari is a garment that places its emphasis on the way in which it moves, it glides around the wearer in traditional form.

NANOTECHNOLOGY ( Molecular or NANO- Manufacturing)

NANOTECHNOLOGY ( Molecular or NANO- Manufacturing) Free Online Research Papers The idea of molecular manufacturing is based on the concept of scaling which is hence required to be deeply studied the various concepts for nano based manufacturing have been developed or proposed as a hypothesis. The main concepts with which we deal in this paper are the basic concept of nanotechnology and further the idea of making a basic nano factory, the problem faced due to scaling and various methods and assumptions that can lead to the formation of a feasible nano factory. The performance of advanced products, and some likely applications, are discussed. Finally, considerations and recommendations for a targeted development program are presented. Introduction :- What is Nanotechnology? Technology as said is something which is primarily an application of scientific knowledge for carrying out the production of a product profitably and economically. And as an important upcoming issues which is coming up is the environment factor so it should also meet and taken into consideration. Nanotechnology as said is the technology that deals with nanoscale (1nm-10-9m) its quite obvious that we are here talking about thing or specifically tools and machinery and production at atomic and molecular level. Although the literature of nanotechnology may refer to nanoscale machines, even self-replicating machines built at the atomic level , it is admitted that an assembler breakthrough will be required for this to happen. As a matter of fact a nano scale machine rarely exist. The major problem with the nano scale handling is the laws of classical physics cant be directly applied and the physical behaviour at the nanometer scale is predicted accurately by quantum mechanics, represented by Schrodingers equation. Schrodingers equation provides a quantitative understanding of the structure and properties of atoms Scaling:- Scaling tends to the most important topic amongst the various topic of concern in the field of nanotechnology. As the entire concept of nano production relies on the idea of scaling it is of great intrest. As its known that the when we are talking about nano scales atoms and molecules are to be talking into consideration and for information purpose the size of an atom is about (0.1nm) therefore to work in that scale it requires great precision and accuracy in addition to this a very important factor that is present there is the change in physical properties like resonant frequency. 1 mm 10 nm :- classical scaling Plenty of room at the bottom Think of reducing the scale of working devices and machines from lmm to lnm, six orders of magnitude! Over most of this scaling range, perhaps the first five orders of magnitude, down to 10 nm (100 Angstroms), the laws of classical Newtonian physics may well suffice to describe changes in behaviour. This classical range of scaling is so large, and the changes in magnitudes of important physical properties, such as resonant frequencies, are so great, that completely different applications may appear. lecture by Richard Feynman A suitable example to understand the problem of scaling Strength and mass are completely different kinds of thing, and cant be directly compared. But they both affect the performance of systems, and they both scale in predictable ways. Scaling laws can compare the relative performance of systems at different scales, and the technique works for any systems with the relevant properties- the strength of a steel cable scales the same as a muscle. Any property that can be summarized by a scaling factor, like weight ~ L^3, can be used in this kind of calculation. And most importantly, properties can be combined: just as strength and weight are components of a useful strength-per-weight measure, other quantities like power and volume can be combined to form useful measures like power density. An insect can move its legs back and forth far faster than an elephant. The speed of a leg while its moving may be about the same in each animal, but the distance it has to travel is a lot less in the flea. So frequency of operation ~ L^-1. A machine in a factory might join or cut ten things per second. The fastest biochemical enzymes can perform about a million chemical operations per second. Power density is a very important aspect of machine performance. A basic law of physics says that power is the same as force times speed. And in these terms, force is basically the same as strength. Remember that strength ~ L^2. And were assuming speed is constant. So power ~ L^2: something 10 times as big will have 100 times as much power. But volume ~ L^3, so power per volume or power density ~ L^-1. Suppose an engine 10 cm on a side produces 1,000 watts of power. Then an engine 1 cm on a side should produce 10 watts of power: 1/100 of the ten-times-larger engine. Then 1,000 1-cm engines would take the same volume as one 10-cm engine, but produce 10,000 watts. So according to scaling laws, by building 1,000 times as many parts, and making each part 10 times smaller, you can get 10 times as much power out of the same mass and volume of material. This makes sense- remember that frequency of operation increases as size decreases, so the miniature engines would run at ten times the RPM . Chris Phoenix, CRN Director of Research Posted on August 03, 2004 in Science Technology MOORE’S LAW *The empirical observation that the transistor density of integrated circuits doubles every 2 year Introduction to Molecular manufacturing (NANOFACTORIES):.- The whole concept of molecular manufacturing revolves around the idea of making more precies (Atomic level of precision) products which are more reliable for the purpose of molecular based manufacturing a system of tools and techniques has to be designed to carry out the task. Molecular Manufacturing has basically classified in 3 divisions:- 1. MAIN TYPE OF MOLECULAR MANUFACTURING 2. EXPONENTIAL BASED MANUFACTURING 3. COMBINED OR INTEGRATED TYPE OF MANUFACTURING The basic type or the main type of manufacturing : In this sort of manufacturing process its like individually and digitally controlling each and every part of the product being constructed . To date, many nanotechnology efforts have been content to achieve nanoscale- but not atomic- precision, or to build large quantities of small identical molecules. However, there are some technologies that are on the verge of achieving the goal. Liao and Seeman have built a nanomachine out of DNA2 that can guide the construction of any of several different strands of DNA; the product sequence can be chosen by â€Å"programming† the machine with other DNA strands. This is a demonstration of programmable molecular fabrication. A planned extension to the machine would allow it to build longer and more interesting strands. Although this machine does not select from among multiple sites for the reaction, it does select from among multiple potential reactants, and its product has a precise and programmable molecular structure. Aono3 developed the ability to transport individual silicon atoms from one place to another in a covalent crystal, and was even able to automate this to make two dimensional patterns. Several other researchers have also used electricity (fields and/or currents) with scanning probe microscopes to implement reactions at sites chosen with atomic precision. Hersam4 has removed single selected hydrogen ato ms from silicon at room temperature. Oyabu5 has removed and replaced single silicon atoms with purely mechanical force, but has not yet reported the ability to build multi-atom patterns. 2 Liao S, Seeman NC. (2004). â€Å"Translation of DNA signals into polymer assembly instructions.† Science 306(5704):2072-4 3 See the groups website at jst.go.jp/erato/project/agsh_P/agsh_P.html 4 R. Basu, N. P. Guisinger, M. E. Greene, and M. C. Hersam, â€Å"Room temperature nanofabrication of atomically registered heteromolecular organosilicon nanostructures using multistep feedback controlled lithography,† Appl. Phys. Lett., 85, 2619 (2004). See northwestern.edu/univrelations/ media_relations/releases/2004/09/molecular.html 5 Noriaki Oyabu, Óscar Custance, Insook Yi, Yasuhiro Sugawara, and Seizo Morita. (2003). â€Å"Mechanical vertical manipulation of selected single atoms by soft nanoindentation using a near contact atomic force microscope† Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 176102. See http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v90/e176102 and http://focus.aps.org/story/v11/st19 The speed with which a molecular manufacturing tool can create its own mass of product may be called â€Å"relative productivity.† .These types of manufacturing processes are carried out using scanning probe microsopes and electron microscopes and as it can be well calculated that if it takes 1sec to carry out one operation then which can be a deposition of a carbon atom therefore it would take a approx. 6 billion yrs to fabricate its own mass. Therefore this idea of indiviusal based manufacturing is not feasible as it lacks by the time factorand as a concept we take in the idea of Information delivery:- The scaling of operation speed indicates that to embody information in the manufactured product via rapid physical manipulation, it will be necessary to use small actuators. Inkjet printers represent a step in this direction; their print head actuators are a few microns in size, and they can deliver megabytes per second. Furthermore, an inkjet printer can print its weight in ink in about a day. IBMs Millipede, a MEMS-based highly parallel scanning probe microscope array, can modify a substrate rapidly enough to be a serious candidate for computer data storage. Both of these technologies produce only two-dimensional â€Å"product,† but inkjet technology has been adapted to form three dimensional products, and scanning probe arrays have been used for dip-pen nanolithography (DPN). Nanoscale actuators, being smaller, will be able to operate faster and handle higher data rates. As information is required at a very high speed to compensate with the manufacturing process the concept of small embedded computers can also be applied to feed these nanofactories Exponential manufacturing:- In this process nano modules are implemented to carry out the construction of the final product. As its well known from the stated concept of scaling that the frequency of any operation increases when its shrunk down to a smaller level therefore for attaining high speed production of molecular manufacturing. Hences a small nano-factory established to manufacture parts of the product can be assumed and as faster solution. The goal of building functional manufacturing systems implies that the newly built systems must be controllable. Many types of control can be broadcast, including chemicals, photons, pressure, and electric or magnetic fields. Electric current is harder to broadcast, but systems too small to be contacted via micromanipulation could self assemble to electrodes. Electrical control may ultimately be the fastest and most flexible approach. The various techniques developed for carrying out this type of manufacturing are;- Polymer technique:- This techniques basically involves the making of patterns by folding strands of RNA and DNA accordingly into desired shapes Polymer chemistry is known to be quite versatile, and it should be possible to incorporate molecular actuators to select the polymer sequence; this would be faster and probably more reliable than using DNA strands to program the device. Molecular actuators can be controlled and powered by light, electricity, or changes in the composition of the solution.7 Bulk controlled polymerization techniques, such as DNA synthesis, often use two repeated steps: first they make the end of the polymer reactive by â€Å"deprotecting† it, then add a monomer that is protected from further deposition. Nanoscale controlled polymerization could control either the timing of the deprotection step or the monomer selection for the polymerization step. Or the system could protect the addition site by steric hindrance. Alternatively, it could use a polymerization reaction that is exothermic but has a high barrier, and accelerate the desired reaction- possibly by many orders of magnitude8- by holding the monomer in place. The ratio of reaction rates of confined and unconfined monomers will approximate the error rate 7 â€Å"Depending on the type of rotaxane setup, the stimuli can be chemical, electrochemical, or photochemical.† C. Mavroidis, A. Dubey, and M.L. Yarmush. (2004). Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 2004. 6:10.1–10.33. bionano.neu.edu/AR220-BE06-10_001-033_.pdf 8 Creighton, T. E. (1984) Proteins. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. Creighton lists one intramolecular reaction with an effective concentration of 3.3109. See discussion in Nanosystems 8.3.3a. (Drexler, 1992, Nanosystems, Wiley) Solid built in solution:- Instead of making strands of desired shapes we can make small blocks at molecular level and then assemble them with the help of hydrogen bonds and cross linking. Solid built in machine phase/ Mechanosynthesis:- In this type of process all the reaction procedures are taking in controls by physical or mechanical procedures. Mechanosynthesis can reduce the rate of unwanted side reactions by preventing the reactants from contacting each other in ways that would allow those reactions to happen. This allows a particular deposition site to be selected from among many chemically similar sites. Engineered heterogeneous products can be built by mechanosynthesis that would be nearly impossible to build by self-assembly or common solution chemistry. Some applications:- Electron microscopes Electron microscopes can image with near-atomic resolution. They can be used to cut carbon nanotubes, even to trim outer tubes from multiwalled tubes14. They can also deposit a variety of materials from gas feedstock (electron beam induced deposition, EBID). These deposits have a feature size as small as 10 nm and can form threedimensional structures.15 Sub-wavelength imaging FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer, which is very sensitive to nanoscale distance) can be used to determine relative positions16. NanoSight has developed an imaging system that can be placed in an existing optical microscope and image 20 nm particles17. AngstroVision has claimed to be developing 3D nm-scale imaging using visible light.18 A paper at NASATech claims that imaging below the diffraction limit should be possible with incoherent light.19 Ion etching Ion etching systems can achieve single-atom accuracy and can use tiltable workpieces.20 This may enable production of freestanding (undercut) kinematic structures from high performance materials that might be useful for research into nanoscale machinery or even as nanoscale molecular manufacturing systems. 14 berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2000/07/27_nano.html 15 nims.go.jp/hvems/nano_char/facilities/facility6/NanofabSEM_e.html 16 iscid.org/encyclopedia/Fluorescense_Resonance_Energy_Transfer 17 nanosight.ukideas.com/ 18 parc.com/cms/get_article.php?id=223 19 â€Å"Parallel-Beam Interferometry With Incoherent Light† nasatech.com/Briefs/Sept00/NPO20687.html 20 Personal communication, Sakhrat Khizroev, December 2004 Conclusion:- Various technologies develop so far and being developed promote the idea that the idea of nano scaling the production line would lead to higher , faster precise and more cheaper rate of production. This pare presents the basic types of techniques laid down by the various research groups. Another aspect of the these nanofactories can be that their development in higher respect can lead to creation of self developing hardware that can be smart and can use there own technology to develop them self’s and creating some product which is more efficient than the previous one. References:- Developing Molecular Manufacturing Chris Phoenix, Director of Research, Center for Responsible Nanotechnology Molecular Manufacturing: What, Why and How Chris Phoenix, Director of Research, Center for Responsible Nanotechnology www.Wikipedia.org Research Papers on NANOTECHNOLOGY ( Molecular or NANO- Manufacturing)Bionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalResearch Process Part OneInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesOpen Architechture a white paperThe Project Managment Office SystemMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductDefinition of Export QuotasPETSTEL analysis of India

Television Sending the Wrong Message essays

Television Sending the Wrong Message essays Television: Sending the Wrong Message Everyday, human beings make assumptions by what they can see physically. Even in the supermarkets, they distinguish good products from bad products based on how those products look. Being a human, I would say we are apt to choose good-looking products because they don't have flaws, cracks, and bruises. Those "good" products are shaped nicely, colored and look great. Moreover, we assume those products to have good qualities and good tastes. However, we pick things because of their beauty. This is due to human nature. Part of the development of human nature is brought on through television. Since people judge human beings based on how they look, it is called discrimination. Unfortunately, the society we live in benefits beautiful people more than physically unattractive people who could end up with better qualities. Therefore, advantages enjoyed by those beautiful people are countless. We like to expect to be treated equally, but we are not treated as the same in the real world. I believe judging people based on their appearance only disadvantages those people. Success must depend on effort, talent, and intelligence. As long as we can't stop discriminating against people based on appearance, we can't achieve positive opportunity and real success. There is the question of how to change the system of unfair treatment based on appearance. Watching commercials on television, lots of people have had cosmetic surgery on their skin. Some religious beliefs teach their people that altering their body is profane because bodies are gifts from god. However, cosmetic surgery introduces us to cutting edge technologies. People have surgery performed simply to improve their appearance. Some Americans believe gaining acceptance in society is by looking a certain way. The benefits for those people are success in their careers, marriage with rich men, and more chances to bec ...

Functional Areas of a Business

Functional Areas of a Business Introduction Managers play a significant role towards supporting the performance of their organizations. They make businesses successful through continued management and allocation of organizational resources. They undertake every managerial practice in their organizations to achieve the targeted objectives.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Functional Areas of a Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Robbins and Coulter (2012, p. 64), â€Å"managers oversee and coordinate the activities of their employees in order to accomplish the targeted organizational goals†. Managers should always be ready to address the challenges and problems affecting their companies. Managers have many duties and roles depending on the nature and goals of their organizations. This paper analyzes the roles of a manager within every functional area of an organization. The Role of a Manager within the Functional Areas of a Business Managers have a role to play in every functional area of their respective businesses. Such roles are critical towards realizing every business goal. One of these functional areas is the Human Resource (HR). The HR department â€Å"handles different activities such as hiring employees, firing workers, and ensuring every person follows the company’s policies† (Feldman Khademian, 2007, p. 308). Managers should provide the best leadership and administrative concepts to their HR departments. They should also support and mentor every HR manager. Managers also use this functional area to â€Å"take the best disciplinary measures and offer compensations for different activities† (Kraut, Pedigo, McKenna, and Dunnette, 2005, p. 124). Business managers present the best leadership practices in their organizations. Leadership is a critical aspect because it makes every employee successful. Managers use â€Å"various theoretical concepts to deal with the conflicts and challenges encountered by their employees† (Kraut et al., 2005, p. 125). Managers should also be ready to train and mentor their employees. Some â€Å"managers will hire, train, and support new employees in order to remain productive† (Robbins Coulter, 2012, p. 64). Such roles are critical towards the performance of every HR department.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Accounting is another relevant functional area in an organization. This â€Å"functional area deals with the auditing, monitoring, and maintenance of every financial aspect of an organization† (Robbins Coulter, 2012, p. 83). Some companies formulate new accounting units in order to achieve their goals. Such units â€Å"include managerial and financial accounting departments† (Feldman Khademian, 2007, p. 312). Financial accounting â€Å"focuses on the examination and creation of financial documents such balance sheets and income statements† (Kraut et al., 2005, p. 125). Managers should always examine income statement and balance sheet before making the best business decisions. Managers also monitor the roles and goals of every accountant. Managers use the best leadership practices in order to empower their employees. Managers should also make appropriate budgetary allocations for future expenditures and projects. Such roles will be critical towards improving the level of business performance. Managers should also use the best strategies to finance the functions of their organizations. Another â€Å"important functional area in many businesses is economics† (Feldman Khademian, 2007, p. 319). This functional area supports the best activities in order to support the organization’s performance. Some of the activities include â€Å"distribution, production, consumption, and marketing of services and products† (Feldman Kh ademian, 2007, p. 319). This functional area is relevant because it transforms raw materials into marketable products. This department also studies the distribution of services and products within different firms. Managers have a huge role to play in this functional area. Managers should analyze the changing market trends in order to maximize products. Economics is also an important functional area because it helps managers identify new markets and partnerships (Kraut et al., 2005). Managers should also merge different functional areas in order to make the best business decisions. The approach will make their businesses profitable. Managers should mentor every employee within this functional area. The practice will be necessary towards improving the level of business performance and profitability.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Functional Areas of a Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Research and Statistics (RS) is another important functional area in many firms. This department collects and interprets in order to make the best investment decisions. Managers â€Å"should use these data to make appropriate marketing, production, and promotional decisions† (Feldman Khademian, 2007, p. 319). Managers should liaise with individuals in the department to understand the current and future business expectations. Business leaders and managers use such information to support the best organizational practices. Managers should â€Å"identify the practices that can support or modify in their businesses’ future practices† (Feldman Khademian, 2007, p. 319). Such managerial practices will play a critical role towards the performance of the targeted firm. Operations Management (OM) is a necessary function in every successful organization. This department uses statistical tools to interpret every organizational data. Managers should use such interpretations to examine the performa nce of their firms. Such practices will guide these managers throughout their decision-making processes. This functional area determines the performance of every department in an organization. Managers should encourage every employee in this department. Business organizations cannot achieve their profits without managing their marketing units in a proper manner. These functional areas focus on the needs and expectations of every targeted customer. This department uses the best marketing and promotional strategies to attract more consumers. The main goal of this department is â€Å"to ensure every consumer is happy† (Robbins Coulter, 2012, p. 74). The functional area should always work hard to address the needs of its consumers. Managers â€Å"should empower their marketing managers and coordinators to embrace the best business practices† (Kraut et al., 2005, p. 128). Managers can obtain useful data from this department in order to make the best marketing decisions.Adv ertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Managers have a duty to mentor, train, and support their marketers. Such practices will ensure every organization addresses the changing expectations its consumers. Managers can use the collected information to create strong brands. Strategic planning determines the success of a business firm. This functional area deals with the plans and activities that support the goals of an organization. Managers should â€Å"use their implementation and strategic planning departments to initiate new organizational policies† (Kraut et al., 2005, p. 124). Managers should also use their skills to bring different departments together. This practice will increase the level of participation and interaction. The approach plays a major towards making every firm successful. Managers have always used strategic planning and operations management (OM) to support the functions of their respective firms. Conclusion The above discussion explains how every manager plays a critical role towards the succe ss of his or her organization. Managers should motivate their employees in every functional area. This discussion also explains why â€Å"companies should establish different functional areas depending on their size, goals, and available resources† (Robbins Coulter, 2012, p. 103). The success of many every firm depends on the commitment and performance of its manager. Organizations require a dedicated manager in order to support the activities of every functional area. Reference List Feldman, M., Khademian, A. (2007). The Role of the Public Manager in Inclusion: Creating Communities of Participation. Governance: An International Journal of Policy, Administration, and Institutions, 20(2), 305-324. Kraut, A., Pedigo, P., McKenna, D., Dunnette, M. (2005). The role of the manager: What’s really important in different management jobs. Academy of Management Executive, 19(4), 122-129. Robbins, S., Coulter, M. (2012). Management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education I nc.

Michael jackson's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Michael jackson's - Essay Example Three songs that best exemplify Michael Jackson’s work were off of his 1991 Dangerous album of which were Will you be there, Give it to me, and jam. By listening to his virtuosic rhythms as well as rich harmony; the signature bass lines and the detailed layers of unusual sounds, which went beyond the typical classics, as well as song play (Vogel, 2012). In addition, the song transitions made from New Jack Swing, R&B, as well as rock. His music was without barriers or borders, and echoed globally. These three songs although not that great in regards to Jackson’s musical stardom can be viewed as risks songs he took as well as experimental ones of which ended up being huge successes among many others from the dangerous album. The reason behind this is that Jackson wanted songs that were a cleaner, more calculated and colder version of some of the songs that were on the thriller album and partially the bad album as well. The end result of the risk songs were a sharper and h arder song production, which were meant to hit the streets (jam was a street song), as well as touch the hearts of the middle class listeners (with will you be there) and appeal to the rock fans and general fans with the hard hitting fusion of rock and R&B (with give it to me). These three song cut across everybody’s music taste in one way or another. Michael Jackson’s position in a musical pantheon was very opinionated. These entire artist had one thing in common, they were music geniuses in their own right and during their times. But what sets Michael Jackson apart is that his music broke cultural and racial grounds which are something that lacked in the likes of Mozart and Beethoven. Furthermore, he commanded and entertained millions of fans globally. The bottom line of the various opinions was founded on racial grounds especially black artist who were considered to be lacking in substance in

Case analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Analysis - Case Study Example In the United States McDonalds is considered responsible for the increasing rate of obesity in the country and is alleged of promoting unhealthy food products and thus it has created a threat for the company. For an effective sustainability of the company, it is essential to adopt an effective marketing strategy that would promote healthy food products as well as the health risks from their consumption (Currie, Vigna, Moretti and Pathania 1-41). McDonalds are taking steps to enhance its image through promoting healthy foods. McDonald’s is among the largest fast food companies that operate all over the world having its head quarter in the United States. For the past several years, company is facing several issues regarding their marketing strategy as well as harmful impacts on the people due to the consumption of their fast food. It has been found through survey that a higher percentage of obesity all over the world including the United States is caused due to increasing rate of consumption of fast food. This is creating a threat for McDonalds brand image in the USA. However, McDonalds is using various marketing strategies to promote its food as healthy. Obesity is generally a metabolic disorder through which excess fat is accumulated in the body that negatively affects the health condition of an individual, leading to other chronic diseases. Level of obesity is measured with the help of Body Mass Index (BMI) and an individual in the Western countries are considered as obese if his/her BMI exceeds 30 kg/m2 . The reason for the increasing rate of obesity in the United States is considered due to the high intake of fast food and less physical activity. However, the government of the United States considered McDonalds as the main culprit for the increasing rate of obesity in the country and implemented various policies for restricting the marketing activities that would make fool of the people. In the year 2003, two obesity suits were made

Team Leadership and Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Team Leadership and Management - Essay Example 33). The solutions and strategies proposed by the authors are really practical in today's multinational organizations. Different tasks make a degree of different contributions to the team's various functions in production, support, and well-being. Although technological changes are usually aimed at modifying the team's production function, they almost always have profound effects on the team well-being and member support functions as well. The sharing among team members of both access to the hardware portions of the new technology and of the expertise needed to use and understand the new systems may provide brand new range of the distribution of status and power within a team, dimensions that compare quite poorly with the prior status structure. In terms of underlying social-exchange dynamics, the principal rewards and costs concern task achievement or success. In modern multi-national companies the affective or emotional factor of teamwork is important to all relationships. It is le ss so in task-based, personal relationships than in purely social roles. Team-based approach plays a much important role in the development of team relations than it does in organizations in general (Northhouse, 2003). I agree with the authors that teamwork should be flexible and fit with environmental changes. I would add communication as one of the most important elements in teamwork. The major reason Critique: Team LED 501 for past success is open communication policy and the ability to get people to work together as team. A team leader sees themselves having an informative meeting with employees. They should emphasize open door policy and encourage employees to use it. The task of the team leader is to inform team members that they would like to have some formal meetings for brainstorming and troubleshooting purposes and some informal meetings just as an excuse to get together. Virtually, members of a multi-national workforce behave the same way as traditional teams but pay more attention to interpersonal communication and interaction. In a virtual or practical environment, working relationships vary in their empathy or understanding, effectiveness, and power. The results of ineffective communication range from minor embarrassment to critical problems. Minor embarrassment occurs when we show up at a friend's house for a party on the wrong night; a critical problem occurs. As a human resource professional, one of leaders' responsibilities is to develop and improve the communication process in organization. The authors explain how effective teamwork or group effort can enhance the communication process. The authors do not pay attention to problems and conflicts take place in virtual environment. The communication process is rich with imagery and descriptions. Words and other forms of communication are symbols that bring to mind mental images. In fact, communi cations is basically the management of symbols or language. It is through use of these mental images that we communicate and convey relationships and promote understanding that generates the necessary action to accomplish organizational goals and objectives. These ideas might be supported by the Bible saying: "And do not forget to do

Because I could not stop for death by Dickinsons Essay

Because I could not stop for death by Dickinsons - Essay Example This poem was initially written as ‘The Chariot’. Dickinson went into chronic isolation for 25 years; she wanted to leave the physical life and indulged in the complexities of soul and a free mind. Her friends had separated from her; some had got married and others had moved on in their life. This is when she became aloof and made perpetual decisions in her life. This critically acclaimed poem came out when she decided to detach from public exposure, friends and family. It basically represents Emily’s personification of death; she identified death with a gentleman. The discussion of Dickinson’s poem is significant to comprehend the varying criticisms and interpretations of her work. The poem is equally well-built and spiritual, beguiling literature-obsessed generations to a philosophical understanding of death and our emblematic relationship with it. A developmental paper for this poem enables the researches and readers alike evaluate the difference of opin ions and attitudes towards this poem and the sheer importance of death. Some view this poem from the perceptual lens of social death; some view it as physical death and some state that Dickinson’s focus was primarily on spiritual death. One of the critics goes on to relate her work to Christianity and its core beliefs about afterlife, whereas some literary experts say that this poem was the result of mere loneliness. Four interpretations of ‘Because I could not stop death’ are being presented below, following a precise conclusion. Mary Neff Shaw (1991) built upon the work of Dickinson. Her understanding of the poem reveals that Dickinson was preoccupied with her past relationships and images. The poem links death and eternity together, delving into the layers of soul. Dickinson attempted to explain the reality of the individual as part of the spiritual universe and not just the physical existence. The progression in the poem shoes how the author developed a deepe r and a more reflective understanding of her past. Another important aspect pointed out in Shaw’s paper was the stages that he has inferred from this poem. According to him, when Dickinson says ‘school’ she points towards the tender childhood memories; later when she says ‘fields’, she is indicating maturity that comes in the middle age and finally when she talks about the ‘setting of the sun’, she is implying the onset of old age. A review quoted in the Indian Journal of research, explains Emily Dickinson’s biography as well as her literary development. Premalatha (2012) in this review elaborates on how intense Dickinson’s writing has been. The way she portrays emotions symbolically is commendable; for instance, the author of this review examined how Emily painted the picture of sensations of death and life in her work indirectly. Her writing becomes more relatable as she gives a persona to entities like life, death and so ul. Dickinson, in her poem, tried to illustrate how the human body, on a physical level suffers throughout life from cradle to the funeral. Moreover, the way Dickinson has personalized the thought content of a dying person, has been critically appreciated. This review also highlighted the transitional presentation of life before and after death in Dickinson’s poem. Furthermore, Premalatha has also remarked on the delicate description of death. The words ‘Death drives slowly’, ‘knows no hate’ and ‘kindly’ represent the author’s endeavor to embrace death instead of fearing it. The manifestation of death as a ‘carriage’ tells how death can be a source of ease from life’s frustration and worry. These interpretations are highly related to Dickinson’s life. Literature review demonstrates that she was socially depressed which made her

Football Club Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Football Club Management - Assignment Example The ManU's strategy of survival and its core policies though not necessarily its strategy for growth has been explained in its club charter which is a document which is publicly available and gives out various core aspects such as, consultation processes, ticketing, membership benefits, community activities, merchandising, standards of staff conduct and complaints procedure. (http://www.manutd.com). The ManU has a social orientation which is designed to contribute to the social culture and sporting life, a common bond which is created by the community of football clubs in Britain. (Morrow : 2003). The business potential of ManU lies in its strong brand awareness which is increasingly attracting multinationals as Nike which has taken over the uniform-replica merchandising business run by the Club internally earlier. The other partners include, Vodafone, PepsiCo and Anheuser Busch. (Maidment:2004). The marketing mix of ManU lies in the plethora of sporting and sports related business activities such as an outstanding football team, merchandising, television rights, marketing of sports venue at Old Trafford, sale of products, promotional activities and branding as a premium product. (http://www.thetimes100.co.uk). ManU thus has retained the top position for eighth year in a row in the English league with an income of 259 million. The lead position achieved by the Club in earning large quantum of revenues has been a result of an increasing proclivity to tap markets beyond Britain. (http://www.deloitte.com) Growth has to be both organic and inorganic, in a globalised world the potential for growth lies in the international markets which can be achieved by a planned strategy based on an innate understanding of the culture and structure of the organization in line with the environmental realities. ManU has the potential for unstinted growth and has to determine its strategy for the same in a cogent manner. Strategy Review - ManU "Strategy is the direction and scope of an organisation over the long-term: which achieves advantage for the organisation through its configuration of resources within a challenging environment, to meet the needs of markets and to fulfil stakeholder expectations". (Johnson : 2001). Strategy has been viewed with varied connotations by management pedagogues. The Mintzberg model for instance has classified the main forms of strategies into planned, entrepreneurial, ideological, umbrella, process, connected, consensus and imposed. As is implied in the strategies named thus, it would be evident that thus far ManU has not been following a "planned" strategy for growth, its strong football team and supporter population more than making up for any divergent business requirements and profits were being generated through its brand image. It had perhaps a one point agenda that of winning each and every encounter in the English league and club matches in Europe. This it had been consistently do ing with a strong line up of football stars led by David Beckham till very recently. Diversification

Because I could not stop for death by Dickinsons Essay

Because I could not stop for death by Dickinsons - Essay Example This poem was initially written as ‘The Chariot’. Dickinson went into chronic isolation for 25 years; she wanted to leave the physical life and indulged in the complexities of soul and a free mind. Her friends had separated from her; some had got married and others had moved on in their life. This is when she became aloof and made perpetual decisions in her life. This critically acclaimed poem came out when she decided to detach from public exposure, friends and family. It basically represents Emily’s personification of death; she identified death with a gentleman. The discussion of Dickinson’s poem is significant to comprehend the varying criticisms and interpretations of her work. The poem is equally well-built and spiritual, beguiling literature-obsessed generations to a philosophical understanding of death and our emblematic relationship with it. A developmental paper for this poem enables the researches and readers alike evaluate the difference of opin ions and attitudes towards this poem and the sheer importance of death. Some view this poem from the perceptual lens of social death; some view it as physical death and some state that Dickinson’s focus was primarily on spiritual death. One of the critics goes on to relate her work to Christianity and its core beliefs about afterlife, whereas some literary experts say that this poem was the result of mere loneliness. Four interpretations of ‘Because I could not stop death’ are being presented below, following a precise conclusion. Mary Neff Shaw (1991) built upon the work of Dickinson. Her understanding of the poem reveals that Dickinson was preoccupied with her past relationships and images. The poem links death and eternity together, delving into the layers of soul. Dickinson attempted to explain the reality of the individual as part of the spiritual universe and not just the physical existence. The progression in the poem shoes how the author developed a deepe r and a more reflective understanding of her past. Another important aspect pointed out in Shaw’s paper was the stages that he has inferred from this poem. According to him, when Dickinson says ‘school’ she points towards the tender childhood memories; later when she says ‘fields’, she is indicating maturity that comes in the middle age and finally when she talks about the ‘setting of the sun’, she is implying the onset of old age. A review quoted in the Indian Journal of research, explains Emily Dickinson’s biography as well as her literary development. Premalatha (2012) in this review elaborates on how intense Dickinson’s writing has been. The way she portrays emotions symbolically is commendable; for instance, the author of this review examined how Emily painted the picture of sensations of death and life in her work indirectly. Her writing becomes more relatable as she gives a persona to entities like life, death and so ul. Dickinson, in her poem, tried to illustrate how the human body, on a physical level suffers throughout life from cradle to the funeral. Moreover, the way Dickinson has personalized the thought content of a dying person, has been critically appreciated. This review also highlighted the transitional presentation of life before and after death in Dickinson’s poem. Furthermore, Premalatha has also remarked on the delicate description of death. The words ‘Death drives slowly’, ‘knows no hate’ and ‘kindly’ represent the author’s endeavor to embrace death instead of fearing it. The manifestation of death as a ‘carriage’ tells how death can be a source of ease from life’s frustration and worry. These interpretations are highly related to Dickinson’s life. Literature review demonstrates that she was socially depressed which made her

Low Carbon Building Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Low Carbon Building - Essay Example Research suggests that buildings, both residential and commercial, are responsible for more than 38 percent of all greenhouse gas emissions, a figure which has increased rapidly in the recent decades and has the potential to escalate further. In fact, research conducted by Isiadinso et al (2011) indicates that this figure reaches the level of 50 percent for UK buildings. However, this is also the area where most room is available to decrease GHG emissions. In fact, it was the landmark research conducted by Pacala & Socolow (2004), which identified building efficiency as one of the â€Å"stabilization wedges† that could assist in ensuring that carbon emissions could be offset by the year 2050. Over the past few years, experts, scholars and researchers have highlighted the crucial role that construction professionals can play through designing and structuring the buildings, in the first place, as efficient and sustainable as they can be, through space heating, cooling and hot wa ter, lighting and others. As the name suggests, low carbon buildings refer to buildings that are planned and structured in such a way that the carbon emission could be minimised, however, the fact is that, amongst many scholars and experts, there is an ongoing debate between scholars and experts regarding various dimensions of low carbon buildings. In fact, experts even disagree over the definition of a zero carbon or low carbon building and if the same is achievable or not. Williams (2010) takes the liberty of drawing of highlighting the pivotal differences between conventional houses and low impact environment building or autonomous building or PassivHaus design buildings. Where conventional buildings are dependent on the main drainage systems and gas supplies, low impact environmental buildings have independent waste disposal systems and energy services. Conventional buildings do not face any obligation to incorporate renewable energy source installation and energy generation fro m that source during early stages of design, however, low impact environmental buildings have to ensure that they do the integrate a renewable energy source within the design of the building and that also in the early phases of the design. In case of conventional buildings, the requirement for space heating is fulfilled through gas or electric heating systems, but in the case of low carbon buildings, the dependence on gas or electric heating systems for space heating has to be reduced by at least 90 percent. Furthermore, the total amount of energy consumed in the process of space heating typically exceeds the mark of 15 kWh/m2. However, in the case of low carbon buildings, experts agree that this number cannot exceed the 15kwh/m2 mark. Vale and Vale (2002) are amongst the list of scholars and experts that have indirect critiqued the idea and concept of low carbon buildings. They believe that buildings do not have the responsibility to exhibit sustainable and environmentally responsi ble behaviour but people have this moral and ethical responsibility. Therefore, it is not necessary or imperative to create building with low carbon, green or sustainable design but people should mould and alter their lifestyle choices in such a way that their actions generate lesser carbons emissions. A conventional house will have much lesser carbon emissions than a low carbon house, if the people living within that the building are to make sustainable lifestyle choices (p. 485). Ramus & Montiel (2005) highlighting some of the problems associated with the low carbon buildings identified that in many cases, ashamed of their carbon emissions data, most architects disown or

Philosophy of Mind Essay Example for Free

Philosophy of Mind Essay Since centuries, our philosophers have been trying to unravel mysteries of our memory, thought processes, different emotions, will power and imaginations culminating into what is known as different intellectual and conscious part of our personality.   Our mind, as our great literary figures have posited, is a stream of our consciousness and is a part of our brains inherent processes. Our mind is a place where our reasoning power gets the shape and takes the practical form. As also said in Indian Vedic philosophy, He who knows the receptacle (Ayatana) verily becomes the receptacle of his people. Mind is verily the receptacle (of all our knowledge). – (Chhandogya Upanishad, V-i-5.) Different studies by our philosophers have been compounded into various theories each delving into the depth of various aspects of our mind processes. Its earliest studies have been found in the works of Zarathushtra, Mahatma Budha, Plato, Aristotle, Adi Shankara and many more ancient Greek and Indian Philosophers.   Many of the pre scientific philosophers based their theories on relationship between the mind and the soul, supernatural elements of faith, having a feeling of closeness with divinity or god, but on the other hand modern theorists based their theories on their research and scientific studies of the brain. These theories rely heavily on the fact that the mind is a phenomenon of the brain and is a tantamount of consciousness. The study of the relationship between the body and mind is the most central aspect to the philosophy of mind, despite of the fact that there are number of issues related to the nature of the mind which does not take into consideration its relationship to the physical body. The most crucial and complex differences of thoughts are arising among different theorists regarding the exact and most appropriate theory of mind. Though various theorists have developed their own different versions to make us understand our own functioning of mind yet as more and more theories are coming up, more and more it is getting difficult to come out with the best theory of all. As all theories are able to capture the intensity of readers to make us understand the core of our mind and thoughts, yet it is very challenging to understand â€Å"Which is the best?† Here I am trying to unravel the mystery to understand which theory-Dualism, mind-brain identity or functionalism is a correct theory to understand all about mind. Dualism is a most important school of thought that has tried to solve the most paradoxical and most important relationship of mind and body problems. It has tried to make several attempts to sure that mind and body in some way or the other detach from each other. Roots of Dualism dates far back to Plato, Aristotle and the Sankhya and Yoga schools of Hindu philosophy but in a most precise way it was understood by Rene Descartes only in the 17th century. His philosophical disposition is based on the fact that the mind is independent in itself and constitutes two different kinds of substances like â€Å"res extensa meaning extended things, physical things† and â€Å"res cogitans means thinking things†, (Descartes, Online Edition ). The thinking things are beyond the dimensions of time and space and are thus separate in itself whereas Property dualists thinks that there are several independent properties known to us. It is quite clear from his disposition that he is trying to explain the importance and concept of soul, giving religious discourse. But in this all, he has tried to explain that there is an interaction of mind in pineal gland, from where there is a control on bodily actions and receive sensory perceptions. But this approach of Dualism is not without criticism as its properties are more of dubious in nature. Their theory is based on religion and their ardent faith but no element of scientific fact is found in this. If we visualize and understands that if there is a soul in our physical body and the soul can have drastic effect then it is quite natural that it should be able to generate new energy to bring the bodies into moment.    It is argued that if the soul exists and it can affect the body then it must be able to create new energy to move the body, but this is sheer violation of the theory of the conservation principle.   Owen Flanagan, in his The Science of the Mind says,†If the mind according to Descartes is not a physical system therefore it also could not have any energy to prove herself but in-order to increase this physical energy, the need of the hour is to get it transferred from other physical system but it is not possibl†e. (Owen Flanagan, pp. 21, Mind creators.com). To overcome the limitations of the Dualism, several philosophers and psychologists began to ignore the very concept and existence of mind itself and by doing so their expectations to touch the cord of mind began to flow towards the realistic parts of our lives. Therefore in the beginning the new generation of philosophers came up with what is known as Type Identity Theory.  Ã‚   They posters the view that though the structure of every person’s brain is similar yet in the brain of every person there are certain differences therefore it is not possible to find oneself in a position of same neurological state. Therefore this theory soon took the shape of Token Taken theory implying that if there are two people having different neuropsychological states, then what is it that brings them into the same mental state? And to this they answered that it is due to the function of those two states only that had created them same. This leads to functionalism theory, which says that, â€Å"Two different brain-state tokens would be tokens of the same type of mental state if the two brain states had the same causal relations to the input stimulus that the organism receives, to its various other mental states, and to its output behavior†. (Functionalism, online edition). In simple words, he said that there were supposed to be two thoughts, which are same, and all of the inputs, internal and external, lead to the same output. With this statement, psychologists tried to bring all the conditions of the mind set in equilibrium. This leads to the functionalism theory. Though there are several problems to this approach too yet we can very say that if this theory of functionalism is adopted, it will take us into next major breakthrough, but all is not well with Functionalism too as it failed to explain in clear terms the fact that even if there are conditions of different physical states which gives different material phenomenon, then there is no possibility of different physical structures to regain equality.  Ã‚   . While there is a great controversy to come at the concrete conclusion about which one is correct theory of mind,, but it is a matter of fact that functionalism is the most popular theory among scientists as well as philosophers of today. According to this theory, all the aspects of mental state like beliefs, pains, hopes, fears, etc. depends and are divided on the bases of their activity and are characterized by the jobs they do, or in other words according to the functions that they perform. Just like computers understands the main idea behind our thoughts process in the same way our brains captures our thought processes from our mind and induces us to act accordingly. WORKS CITED Anderson, David. â€Å"Introduction to Functionalism† Consortium on Mind/Brain Science Instruction. Internet. (2006) Available: http://www.mind.ilstu.edu/curriculum/functionalism_intro/functionalism_intro.php?modGUI=44compGUI=1403itemGUI=2447, March 5, 2008   Cofer, David. â€Å"Dualism† MindCreators.Com Internet. (2002) Available:   http://www.mindcreators.com/Dualism.htm, March 5, 2008 Cofer, David. â€Å"Functionalism† MindCreators.Com Internet. (2002) Available: http://www.mindcreators.com/Functionalism.htm, March 5, 2008 McAdoo, Oliver. â€Å"Critically discuss the idea that mental states are identical to physical states† arrod.co.uk Internet. Available: http://www.arrod.co.uk/essays/mind-brain-identity.php, March 5, 2008 Chance, Tom. â€Å"Mind-brain identity theory† Internet. Available: http://tom.acrewoods.net/research/philosophy/mind/identitytheory, March 5, 2008 Swamy   Sivananda, â€Å"Mind Its Mysteries Control†, The Divine Life Trust Society, 1994, World Wide Web Edition, 1998, A Divine Life Society Publication, Internet Available, http://www.dlshq.org/download/mind.htm Flanagan, Owen (1991). The Science of the Mind, 2nd edition. MIT Press. pp. 21.

LOreal company Project analysis

LOreal company Project analysis Many cosmetic brands are popping up recently, perhaps, due  to  the increasing consumers of products that beautify and enhance the physical appearance of a person. Even though the market is already full of the said cosmetic brands, the company LOreal Groups could still  be considered as the leading supplier cosmetics and hair-color. (LOreal Introduction profile) Company Profile   Before the facial cosmetics, LOreal was known as a hair-color formula developed by French chemist Eugene Schueller in 1907. It was then known as Aureole. Schueller formulated and manufactured his own products which were sold to Parisian hairdressers. It was only in 1909 that Schueller registered his company as Societe Francaise de Teintures Inoffensives pour Cheveus, the future LOreal. Scheuller began exporting his products, which was then limited to hair-coloring products. There were 3 chemists employed in 1920. In 1950, the research teams increased to 100 and reached 1,000 by 1984. Today, research teams are numbered to 2,000 and are still expected to increase in the near future. Through agents and consignments, Scheuller further distributed his products in the United States of America, South America, Russia and the Far East. The LOreal Group is present worldwide through its subsidiaries and agents. LOreal started to expand its products from hair-color to other cleansing and bea uty products. The LOreal Group today markets over 500 brands and more than 2,000 products in the various sectors of the beauty business. Such includes hair colors, permanents, styling aids, body and skincare, cleansers and fragrances. Indeed, the LOreal Group has reached the peak that all cosmetic brands sought after. Many factors contribute to the success of the Company. These will be discussed further in the proceeding parts of this study. (LOreal Introduction profile) http://photos7.flickr.com/8100492_df5327a9c4_m.jpg Since October, the most famous general public cosmetics brand, LOreal Paris, launched its products for men named: Men Expert. LOreal group already sold a range of cosmetics products for men with Biotherm or Lancà ´me brand for example, but it was the first time it launched these products with LOreal brand. With seven different products, LOreal Paris wants to touch all targets: Young men with their skins problems, adults men with their first tiredness signs but also matures men with their first wrinkles. LOreal Paris suggests as well specifics products for men such as shaving products or after-shave lotions. The prices of this range are between 2, 80 and 9, 95 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬. They are reasonable because these products are marketed for general public. (LOreal Introduction profile) Global branding LOreal is a good illustration of how global branding can be used to generate new growth opportunities without in any way reducing responsiveness to local needs. LOreal has a portfolio of popular brands that embody their country of origin. The French company believes that two beauty cultures dominate the French and the American. The two flagship brands, LOreal and Maybelline, have distinct positions. LOreal is positioned as a French product, with supreme elegance, high prices and sophisticated packaging. Maybelline on the other hand, represents an American value for money product which is perceived as street smart and attempts to convey the urban American chic.Owen Jones feels that creativity in a large organization such as LOreal can be stimulated through competing brands2: It sets one research centre against another research centre, one marketing group against another marketing group. They fight among themselves and in so doing, we hope, also beat the competition. In line with this philosophy3, LOreal has set up two creative headquarters, one in Paris and the other in New York. Owen Jones explains: (LOreal policy) We set up a counter power in New York with people that have a totally different mindset, background and creativity. The two hubs undertake collaborative research efforts but are competitors when it comes to marketing. LOreals American brand, Redken, competes with Preference, the companys brand in France. Owen Jones feels that healthy competition will motivate the French and American companies to perform even better. (LOreal policy) Table I LOreal: Summarized Profit and Loss Account (Figures in $ Million) 1999 1998 1997 Sales 10,825 13,417 11,522 Gross Profit 3,733 4,864 4,298 Net Income 702 839 664 Net Profit Margin (Percent) 6.5 6.3 5.8 LOreals global marketing efforts have been spearheaded by Owen Jones himself. Press reports describe his habit of moving around on the streets in overseas markets, trying to understand customer needs. Owen Jones says*: We have this great strategy back in the head office of how we are going to do it worldwide. But when you go out and look at what is happening, is there a big gap between your projections and the reality of what you see and hear? It is so important to have a world vision because otherwise decentralized consumer goods companies with many brands can fracture into as many little parts if somebody isnt pulling it back the other way the whole time with a central vision. (LOreal policy) Table II LOreal: Geographic Segment Information (Sales for 1999) $ Million Percentage of Total Western Europe 5,995 56 North America 2,972 27 Other regions 1,837 17 Total 10,804 100 Having already established itself in Europe and the US, LOreal is now seriously looking at emerging markets. Its acquisition of Soft Sheen is expected to help LOreal to penetrate the African markets. L Oreal has been rapidly expanding in India since it set up shop in 1997. It is already the market leader in Mexico. LOreals experience in China reflects some of the challenges it faces in emerging markets. The companys move to use the glamorous Chinese movie star, Gong Li to sponsor its products has not paid off. Looking back, some analysts feel that LOreal should have preferred a sponsor with the girl next door looks as ordinary customers could not relate to Gong Li. When the movie stars contract came up for renewal, L Oreal decided to involve other sponsors in place of the earlier exclusive arrangement. One important market where LOreal continues to be weak is Japan, the second largest cosmetics market in the world with annual sales of about $ 25 billion. Among the problems which the company faces in Japan are the countrys complex distribution network and strict health and safety regulations. LOreal recently regained control of Maybelline from local cosmetics maker Kose which had purchased the rights prior to LOreals takeover. Notwithstanding these problems in Japan, LOreal seems well placed to continue its global thrust. The French company has seen double digit growth for the last 10 years. As Business Week has reported, LOreal has developed a winning formula: a growing portfolio of international brands that has transformed the French company into the United Nations of beauty. (LOreal policy) LOreal: The Global Presence Marketing Strategies Customer Satisfaction (Product; Price) The LOreal Group is known for their continuous innovation in order to improve the quality of their products and the services they have to offer to their consumers. Part of their strategic plan is to cater to the best interest of their costumers, in other words, costumer satisfaction. Through giving a wide variety of products, consumers have a whole gamut of products and services that they can choose from and which best serves their preference. The range of their prices caters to the demands of women, from the younger ones to the aging, from the affluent to those with lower budget for cosmetic products. Through constant research and passion for innovation, the LOreal Group best caters to the demands of women of different cultures. The Company also sees to it that they know the latest trend, or better yet, set the trend in the market as to attract more consumers. (Padambanam, 2010) Control of the Company A very vital aspect in the success of a company is how their leaders handle and run the business. In fact, the LOreal Group is very particular in the governance of the Company. The Board directors and the Board members are well aware of all of their duties required by their respective functions and of their collective mission, for it is in their hands that the Companys future depends on. The Board members are also obliged to act with due care and attention to their duties in order to carry out their responsibilities. (Padambanam, 2010) Worldwide Marketing (Place of Distribution; Promotion) Part of the LOreal Groups strategic plan is the marketing of their products worldwide. From the bloom of LOreal during its primary stage, the Company already catered to the demands of women worldwide. In line with this, they are also well aware of the diversities of women around the world. Part of this strategy is to formulate products that suit other women from other parts of the world. Through research and development of their products, the LOreal group has already covered most parts of the globe and still got high approval ratings from their clients. Just recently, the LOreal Groups received the Diversity Best Practices 2004 Global Leadership Award for embracing diversity, not only in their employees, but also in their consumers (Anonymous, 2004). The Companys taking consideration of women of color is especially appreciated by its consumers for they are also being given the chance to enhance their features and embrace their diversity without having to conform with the traditional concept of beauty, particularly that of the white Caucasian women. The LOreal Group also has employees who are considered minorities, such as the women and people of color. Valuing of the peoples culture and ideas is important to the LOreal Group, in order to best serve the interest of the consumers, the employees and the Company. (Padambanam, 2010) D. Impeccable Advertising (Promotion)   During the early days of advertising, LOreal commissioned promotional posters from various graphic artists to publicize the Companys products. The 1950s brought about a new advertising medium, particularly the movies. LOreal made its on-screen debut during this period and in 1953 won an award advertising Oscar, the first in a long series of awards. Today, LOreal takes on actresses or different personalities of all ages that best exudes the vision of the Company. Famous personalities enable average individuals to relate to their personal lives, that they can look as good, and so ensures higher sales. (Padambanam, 2010) Example Marketing in India In business, as in life, its important to be in the right place at the right time and thats clearly been the aim of French cosmetics giant LOreal in India. LOreal Paris, Lancome and Garnier tried and tested a variety of innovation and marketing strategies that appear to have paid off. Today, LOreal reportedly has 41.5 per cent share of the market in India for hair conditioner, around 20 per cent for hair coloring products, and 6.5 per cent and 4.6 per cent for the skincare and shampoo markets respectively. Meanwhile, it is the countrys leading player in the salon products sector. Different strategies of marketing of products in India:- (Padambanam, 2010) Going Local Garnier mens product For its consumer products brands Garnier and LOreal Paris, adapting to local culture and preferences has been critical. Increasingly our blockbusters have been India innovation-led products, .Garnier redesigned its Excellence hair-coloring product that involved more manual work to mix the dye. But at a quarter of the international retailing price, it meant new consumers were more willing to buy the product. Other successes include an oil-based shampoo, Garnier Fructis Shampoo + Oil, to match the frequent use of hair oil, as well as products for previously-dormant segments such as anti-wrinkle creams and mens skincare Growing the customer base In the emerging markets, product penetration is low, providing generous room for growth.  Theres a huge growth and a desire to consume even within segments that have a lot of usage like shampoos, there is a desire to upgrade to performing products. In India there is a heterogeneous market and each one has its own preferences. On all fronts, the growth is very high. Consumer goods are also showing healthy growth rates of about 15 percent. (Padambanam, 2010) Segmenting markets   Luxury products may be selling in Indias cosmopolitan cities like Delhi, Mumbai and Bangalore, but their small customer base also makes them highly competitive markets, whether for cosmetics, fragrances or accessories. . Additionally, there is a very large opportunity in the middle market where consumers want to consume but not at very high price points, a challenge for international players like LOreal that face brutal competition from successful local brands like Marico and Dabur India and consumer goods giant Hindustan Unilever. (Padambanam, 2010) ANSWER 2 LOreal Policy LOreal is required to have an understanding of its different cultural distinctions: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Reflect consumers diversity of origins within teams at every level In terms of nationality, ethnic or social origin, age, while maintaining standards of excellence in terms of competencies. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Promote gender equity within teams Promote the access of women to positions of responsibility, facilitate gender equity in functions that are currently over-staffed by men or women (Marketing, Industry), and ensure equal treatment in terms of salary. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Encourage the employment people with disabilities. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Valorize work experience in anticipation of a longer work life. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Develop an inclusive managerial culture, respectful of all. Diversities Matrix LOreal based its approach on a Diversities Matrix, composed of 6 priority dimensions and 7 action levers: (Padambanam, 2010) http://www.loreal.com/_en/_ww/html/company/Img/diversity/matrice.jpg Translating Commercial Websites: LOreal has links to numerous country specific website Again a very good example of global marketing strategy.The Web is not only a new channel for information exchange but also a powerful instrument for businesses to reach potential customers. With well-maintained multilingual websites, a company can not only project its image across borders but also sell goods online without the material presence of a shop front (Malaval, 2001 p.204). Commercial websites are seen as a necessary marketing move to reach out to visible and invisible customers in a real as well as avirtual world. The following discussion of commercial website translation takes into account the interaction and interdependence of three elements, namely the Web, translation and advertising. On at least two counts the translation of commercial websites coincides with advertising translation. First and foremost, advertising and websites are in essence mass communication devices in modern society. Therefore it is crucial to take into account elements of advertising translation i n order to investigate website translation. (LOreal Introduction profile) C:UsersKanikaAppDataLocalMicrosoftWindowsTemporary Internet FilesContent.WordNew Picture.png The figures above are the homepages of LOrà ©al websites in English and Chinese languages. These images suggest that there are at least two templates for websites, with figure 1-1 and 1-3 sharing the same layout and the other two another. The figures of different LOrà ©al websites offer certain guidance for the discussion. First of all, the verbal elements are undoubtedly an important aspect in the investigation of translational activity. Nonetheless, the layout and other non-verbal elements altogether provide insight into whether or not images/meanings are translated. In figures 1-1 to 1-4 for instance, the spokesperson and color scheme are very obvious differences. In the global website, the spokesperson in the homepage is a scientist who won a competition sponsored by the company. Clearly the image involved here aims to promote a recent campaign and is thus placed in the eye-catching place, indicating the companys intention to create a positive and involved corporate image. Yet it is important to be aware that this is a temporary promotional event and the image can be replaced anytime after the promotional period. The images of the spokesperson in the Taiwan and Hong Kong websites are the same, featuring an actress based in Hong Kong. The spokesperson in the simplified Chinese website, however, is yet another Chinese actress with whom the local audiences are more familiar. Aside from the image appearing on the homepage, the logo of the company is placed differently in the two templates. The template of the global website presents the logo at the upper-left corner, whereas the Hong Kong website template has the logo occupying nearly one-third of the webpage. (LEE, 2009) Conclusion: In business, as in life, its important to be in the right place at the right time and thats clearly been the aim of French cosmetics giant LOreal in India For nearly two decades, the owner of brands like Maybelline, LOreal Paris, Lancome and Garnier tried and tested a variety of innovation and marketing strategies that appear to have paid off. Today, LOreal reportedly has 41.5 per cent share of the market in India for hair conditioner, around 20 per cent for hair colouring products, and 6.5 per cent and 4.6 percent for the skincare and shampoo markets respectively. Meanwhile, it is the countries Innovating for a local market, both with product and pricing, as well as an aggressive marketing strategy, have proved particularly effective, says Dinesh Dayal (MBA 84J), LOreal Indias chief operating officer. Its really a mixture of intuition, hard market research and the power of our global RD which yielded the right kind of innovation.

The Similarities Between Classical Music and Ellingtons Jazz Essay

One of the greatest tragedies in the 20th century can be seen in the debasing of the Jazz genre as a unworthy equal to it’s predecessor, European Classical music. This can be seen in various statements about Jazz, such as Boris Gibalin commit, â€Å"The â€Å"Jazz Mania† has taken on the character of a lingering illness and must be cured by means of forceful intervention.†1 This conflict can be traced through out the history of Jazz, as Classical composers have relatively disregarded this new type of music. Before Duke Ellington’s Cotton Club performances, Jazz play on the radio was delegated for late night audience only. This sub-culture treatment has led many critics to disregard the Jazz movement as a dance craze, or unsuccessful recreations of Classical pieces. This slandering of Jazz has not only created a false image of the music, but it has also lead to a full disconnection between the two genres. It is for this reason that I propose in my pap er to show the relationship between these two musical categories. My hopes in demonstrating these similarities is to disassemble the schism of ignorance built between the two, and place both Jazz and Classical music on equal footing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Critics of Jazz have always perpetuated this schism by utilizing the reasoning behind Jazz, that of it being a free form interpretation, to question the legitimacy of calling a Jazz leader a composer. For how can one be styled as a proper composer and still remain true to the Traditional Jazz concepts? The classic composer has at their disposal highly skilled musicians who are trained to work within professional bodies, such as a symphony orchestra or string quartet, and who then relies on the efficiency of these professionally trained bodies to interpret his scores as he sees fit. On the surface this appears to run contradictory to the Jazz composer whom, â€Å"Has to write for specific combinations which do not exist until he brings them into being, and to rely on highly individual executants whose personal style must be blended together to give expression to his own ideas without†¦losing their individuality†.2 Yet to interpret this blending of highl y individualistic sounds as proof of a schism between this and the rigidly structured Classical composer is a false impression. This fallacy can be attributed to overemphasizing the sporadic and improvisational aspects of Jazz and refusi... ...usical category. From Bach to Mozart, Beethoven and even Tchaikovsyky employed it as a stylistic feature in their pieces.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion, one can see the shared characteristics of the two musical styles. Yet I find myself pressing again the reasoning for this paper, for I must submit that I am in no way declaring that Classical music equates Jazz. The two musical categories are different in numerous ways, but one must wonder does this difference justify the mistreatment of Jazz. Throughout history great innovations have been created not thought the passive means, but through the torrent fires of dissent. Classical music has born the scars of numerous dissenting musicians, all of who now stands as pinnacles of their craft. Yet now we have arrived at a time in which this reverent originality has become cause for scorn, and it is this debasement that I am addressing. By showing the similarities of the two genres, I had hoped in quenching this distaste for Jazz. This musical elitism that is being perpetuated can lead only to a disastrous finale for all who engage in it. Duke Ellington has it right when he stated, â€Å"There are only two types of music, good music and the rest.†18